1918年 威尔逊总统《十四点原则》

来源：Cpt_Speirs

1918年1月8日，美国总统威尔逊提出《十四点和平原则》，作为协约国与同盟国恢复和平的条件，并构想战后世界秩序。

战后，由于英法在巴黎和会上占据主导，《十四点原则》中的构想未能完全实现。

1. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.

1.各国公开签订和平协议，签约后，各国应在公开坦诚进行外交活动，禁止任何国家达成秘密协议。

2. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.

2.除非国际社会为行使国际条约而关闭部分或全部水域，否则无论在和平时期还是战争时期，各国都应确保在各国领海外的国际水域，可以享有绝对的航行自由权。

3. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.

3.各国尽可能消除一切贸易壁垒，所有赞成并愿意维持和平的国家，都应当与彼此之间建立平等的贸易关系。

4. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.

4.各国承诺在战后裁减军备，直至其军事力量降至仅足以保护本国安全的规模。

5. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.

5.各国对殖民地势力范围进行自由、开放且绝对公正的调整，调整应严格遵循该原则：涉及殖民地人民主权和利益的问题，殖民地政府与宗主国政府享有平等决定权。

6. The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest coöperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.

6.撤出位于俄罗斯领土上的军队，不干涉一切与俄罗斯相关的问题，其他国家要自由通力合作，为俄罗斯争取一个不受干扰、不受阻碍，自由决定自己政治路线和国家政策的机会，并向俄罗斯承诺，无论她选择什么政治路线，我们都诚心欢迎她加入自由国家大家庭；除了接纳俄罗斯加入我们之外，我们向其还会提供其需要的各种援助。未来几个月里，周边的姊妹国家会如何同俄罗斯相处，会成为一项重大问题，考验各国是否对俄罗斯保有善意，它们能否理解俄罗斯的需求，能够将自己同俄罗斯的利益区分开来，同时也考验它们是否能善用智慧，是否富有爱心。

7. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired.

7.世界各国一致同意，战争双方必须从比利时撤军，并共同帮助其完成重建，比利时享有同所有自由国家一样的主权，其主权不可受到侵犯。单个国家的行动是无用的，只有全世界共同帮助比利时重建，各国才会对民主政府法则抱有信心，并在处理对外关系时彼此信任。如若不执行这一重建活动，国际法的整体结构和效力都会受到损害。

8. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.

8.德国归还所有侵占的法国领土，包括1871年法国割让给普鲁士的阿尔萨斯—洛林地区，这一领土争端在近50年里一直威胁着世界和平，为确保世界和平、维护各国利益，德国必须归还所有法国领土。

9. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.

9.重新调整，并清晰划定意大利的国界线。

10. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity of autonomous development.

10.奥匈帝国境内有多个民族，我们希望捍卫这些民族在国际上的地位，应当给予各民族独立自主发展的机会。

11. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.

11.同盟国军队从罗马尼亚、塞尔维亚与黑山(门第内哥罗)撤军；并归还侵占的领土；保障塞尔维亚自由出海的权利；巴尔干诸国秉持友好精神，根据各地民族归属感，并参考历史确定各国边界线；各国承诺保证巴尔干诸国的政治经济独立与领土主权完整。

12. The Turkish portions of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.

12.各国承诺，承认奥斯曼帝国的土耳其地区为一个主权国家，但土耳其统治下的各民族，其生命安全必须得到保障，且必须有不受干扰、独立发展的机会，土耳其需向国际承诺，永远向全世界所有国家的贸易船只开放达达尼尔海峡，允许各国船只自由通过。

13. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.

13.成立一个独立的波兰，其领土范围包括一切波兰民族占主体的地区，同时波兰必须获得可自由进出海洋的出海口，各国在国际公约中承诺，保证波兰的政治经济独立与领土主权完整。

14. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

14.各国相互承诺，为维护大小国家的政治经济独立与领土主权完整，根据具体条约，成立国家联盟。